The Production of Information in an Online World

News production requires investment, and competitors’ ability to appropriate a story may reduce a media’s incentives to provide original content. Yet, there is little legal protection of intellectual property rights in online news production, which raises the issue of the extent of copying online and the incentives to provide original content. In this article, we build a unique dataset combining all the online content produced by French news media during the year 2013 with new micro audience data. We develop a topic detection algorithm that identifies each news event, trace the timeline of each story, and study news propagation. We provide new evidence on online news production. First, we document high reactivity of online media: one quarter of the news stories are reproduced online in under 4 min. We show that this is accompanied by substantial copying, both at the extensive and at the intensive margins, which may constitute a severe threat to the commercial viability of the news media. Next, we estimate the returns to originality in online news production. Using article-level variations and media-level daily audience combined with article-level social media statistics, we find that original content producers tend to receive more viewers, thereby mitigating the newsgathering incentive problem raised by copying

Final Report to NSF of the Standards for Facial Animation Workshop

The human face is an important and complex communication channel. It is a very familiar and sensitive object of human perception. The facial animation field has increased greatly in the past few years as fast computer graphics workstations have made the modeling and real-time animation of hundreds of thousands of polygons affordable and almost commonplace. Many applications have been developed such as teleconferencing, surgery, information assistance systems, games, and entertainment. To solve these different problems, different approaches for both animation control and modeling have been developed

Facial animation with wrinkles

Projet SYNTIMWe propose a 3D facial animation system in which expressive wrinkles are taken into account and integrated into the process of facial animation. Starting from a reference wrinkle mask in which isolines are aligned with potentially existing expressive wrinkles, we present some techniques for editing the mask and for optimizing transfering the reference mask to another face. We present a user-friendly modeling system to animate the forces associated with the muscles of the face. Then we describe the geometrical modeling of expressive wrinkles and their implementation during motion control

Ensuring the Drawability of Extended Euler Diagrams for up to 8 Sets

This paper shows by a constructive method the existence of a diagrammatic representation called extended Euler diagrams for any collection of sets X_1,...,X_n , n<9. These diagrams are adapted for representing sets inclusions and intersections: each set X_i and each non empty intersection of a subcollection of X_1,...,X_n is represented by a unique connected region of the plane. Starting with a description of the diagram, we define the dual graph G and reason with the properties of this graph to build a planar representation of the X_1,...,X_n. These diagrams will be used to visualize the results of a complex request on any indexed video database. In fact, such a representation allows the user to perceive simultaneously the results of his query and the relevance of the database according to the query. Venn, hypergraphes, planarité de graphe, visualisation de donnée

Results on hypergraph planarity

Unpublished manuscriptUnpublished manuscriptUsing the notion of planarity and drawing for hypergraphs introduced respectively by Johnson and Pollak [JP87] and Mäkinen [Ma90], we show in this paper that any hypergraph having less than nine hyperedges is vertex-planar and can be drawn in the edge standard and in the subset standard without edge crossing

What Is An Emergency? The Legal Politics Of Defining The Un-Definable

The famous House of Lords Belmarsh decision - in which eight Lords quashed the United Kingdom government\u27s 2001 derogation order and declared incompatible with European Convention rights Section 23 of the Anti Terrorism, Crime and Security Act (2001)( ATCSA ), authorizing the Home Secretary to detain without trial suspected international terrorists who cannot, for legal or practical reasons, be deported from the United Kingdo

Analysis and Visualisation of Edge Entanglement in Multiplex Networks

Cette thèse présente une nouvelle méthodologie pour analyser des réseaux. Nous développons l'intrication d'un réseau multiplex, qui se matérialise sous forme d'une mesure d'intensité et d'homogénéité, et d'une abstraction, le réseau d'interaction des catalyseurs, auxquels sont associés des indices d'intrication. Nous présentons ensuite la mise en place d'outils spécifiques pour l'analyse visuelle des réseaux complexes qui tirent profit de cette méthodologie. Ces outils présente une vue double de deux réseaux,qui inclue une un algorithme de dessin, une interaction associant brossage d'une sélection et de multiples liens pré-attentifs. Nous terminons ce document par la présentation détaillée d'applications dans de multiples domaines.When it comes to comprehension of complex phenomena, humans need to understand what interactions lie within them.These interactions are often captured with complex networks. However, the interaction pluralism is often shallowed by traditional network models. We propose a new way to look at these phenomena through the lens of multiplex networks, in which catalysts are drivers of the interaction through substrates. To study the entanglement of a multiplex network is to study how edges intertwine, in other words, how catalysts interact. Our entanglement analysis results in a full set of new objects which completes traditional network approaches: the entanglement homogeneity and intensity of the multiplex network, and the catalyst interaction network, with for each catalyst, an entanglement index. These objects are very suitable for embedment in a visual analytics framework, to enable comprehension of a complex structure. We thus propose of visual setting with coordinated multiple views. We take advantage of mental mapping and visual linking to present simultaneous information of a multiplex network at three different levels of abstraction. We complete brushing and linking with a leapfrog interaction that mimics the back-and-forth process involved in users' comprehension. The method is validated and enriched through multiple applications including assessing group cohesion in document collections, and identification of particular associations in social networks.BORDEAUX1-Bib.electronique (335229901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Cohérence d'évènements médiatiques

Nous proposons une méthode pour visualiser et analyser les évènements médiatiques à partir des sujets d'actualité des journaux télévisés de plusieurs chaînes annotées avec des descripteurs textuels. Nous présentons une interface d'exploration basée sur un modèle de graphe de similarité sémantique. Après une étape classique couplant clustering et dessin de graphe, nous avons élaboré une mesure de cohérence inspirée par les travaux de Burt et Schott et offrant un retour visuel qualitatif des agrégats générés. Cette mesure de cohérence permet à l'utilisateur de contrôler et valider différents processus de filtrage et raffinage du clustering initial. La cartographie résultante met en évidence deux types d'agrégats : thématiques ou évènementiels

Mesurer la cohésion sémantique dans les corpus de documents

Exploring document collections remains a focus of research. This task can be tackled using various techniques, typically ranking documents according to a relevance index or grouping documents based on various clustering algorithms. The task complexity produces results of varying quality that inevitably carry noise. Users must be careful when interpreting document relevance or groupings. We address this problem by computing cohesion measures for a group of documents con rming/in rming whether it can be trusted to form a semantically cohesive unit. The index is inspired from past work in social network analysis (SNA) and illustrates how document exploration can bene t from SNA techniques.L'exploration de corpus documentaire reste encore aujourd'hui un domaine actif de recherche. Cette tâche peut être abordé à l'aide de nombreuses techniques, s'appuyant typiquement sur le calcul d'indices de pertinence ou de regroupement thématique (clustering). Ces solutions sont souvent empreintes de bruit, du fait même de la complexit é de la tâche à mener. Les utilisateurs se doivent par conséquent d'être précautionneux lorsqu'il s'agit d'interpréter les résultat d'un ordonnancement ou de regroupement thématique des documents. Nous nous penchons sur cette dernière question et calculons des indices de coh ésion s émantique associ és à un groupe de documents permettant de questionner la coh ésion d'un groupe de documents. Ces indices s'inspirent de travaux pass és en analyse des réseaux sociaux (SNA) et montre combien il semble possible d'exploiter les r ésultats de ce domaine à des fi ns d'exploration de bases documentaires

Visual-Based Transmedia Events Detection

International audienceThis paper presents a visual-based media event detection system based on the automatic discovery of the most circulated images across the main news media (news websites, press agencies, TV news and newspapers). Its main originality is to rely on the transmedia contextual information to denoise the raw visual detections and consequently focus on the most salient transmedia events